一般现在时　       does                 is done

一般过去时  　     did                  was done

现在进行体　       is doing             is being done

过去进行体 　      was doing            was being done

现在完成体  　     has done             has been done     

过去完成体 　      had done             had been done 

现在完成进行体 　  has been doing                   

过去完成进行体 　  had been doing  

不定式　　　　　   主动　　　　　　　　　被动

一般形式　　　　   (to) do　　　　　　　  (to) be done

进行体  　　　　   (to) be doing 　　　　　　　　　           

完成体　　　　　　 (to) have done         (to) have been done　　　　　　　　　

完成进行体　　　　 (to) have been doing　　　　　　　　　

-ing分词　　　　 　主动　　　　　　　　  被动

一般形式           doing                 being done

完成体             having done           having been done

It is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully conscious of how much you value him.（强调）
Just as the soil is a part of the earth,　so is the atmosphere.正如…，…也…
none other than意为“不是别人，正是…”

lenses镜片
glasses眼镜
sights视野；风景
crystals水晶，晶体

You should have your eyes tested every year in case the lenses of your spectacles need changing.

turn up出现，露面 
turn in归还，递交 
turn out原来是，证明是 
turn to求助于；求教于 
hang out 把……挂出
hang up 把……挂起，挂断(电话)
hang together 结合在一起
hang round 闲荡
collaborate合作，合著in collaboration with
compile汇集；编辑
gather聚会，集会
collect意为“收集；集合

When Sarah and I collaborated　on an article for the school newspaper, we found it difficult to work together.

fee　费(如会费，入场费，手续费等)　
tax　税，税款 
payment　支付，付款 
premium　津贴；酬金 
aid辅助器具　
translate变换，把…转化成 
help帮助　
transfer移交，迁移
support支持　
transplant移植(器官)
tool工具　
transmit传染(疾病)，传达(知识)

prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿…而不愿…

No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything there is going on in the world.

There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be (if there should be) a sudden loud noise.

Henceforth 从今以后

in the way意为“妨碍(某人)

The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.动词expect后必须接动词不定式作其宾语

understand better than... 对…非常理解

I understand better than most the enormous amount of preparation that staff must put in under pressure to meet the deadline.

contribute to (doing) sth.有助于，促成

I’m sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.

It is no good doing sth做…没用

lest意为“以免”，后接虚拟语气should+动词原形

She always put her medication on the top of the shelf lest the children should take it by mistake.

attribute to把…归因于

contribute to有助于，促成

on principle根据行为准则；按照原则

in principle原则上；基本上

When I got out of the car and walked about among them, except for one old man who shook his head disapprovingly, they all began to cheer.

except for除…以外后接名词

see that 留意…；负责…；务必…

except that 除去…之外后接句子

provided that 倘若，在…条件下

no(not)...but...没有……不……

no(not)...without...没有……不，除……不

no(not)...unless没有……就不……

not...until直到……才……

a point of honor 涉及名誉的事情

in one’s honor为某人的荣誉”

on one’s honor以名誉担保

an honor光荣的人或事

There is no one but knows it.没有一个人不知道此事。

can not与副词too,enough, sufficiently, over, too much等词连用时，意为“无论怎样也不过分”，“越…越”。例如：

You cannot be too careful.你越仔细越好。

We cannot praise him too much.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。

to know better than to do sth.表示责备应该知道不该做某事

You should know better than to leave your little sister at home by herself.

might as well后接动词原形不妨，何不

resort to (doing) sth.求助于

She resorted to stealing when she had no money to buy foods for her children.

It is a point of honor with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment.

on the market 上市，出售

This house will probably come on the market next month.

put up 宿夜

put in度过，消磨（时间等）

put down 写下，记录

put on 上演，演出

I put up with the Browns during my stay in New York City.

suggest, propose, demand ,insist, recommend, command等动词后面的宾语从句中，应使用（should）+动词原形的虚拟语气。

but for 意为“要不是”，它的典型使用就是在虚拟语气的句子中

He might have been killed but for the timely arrival of the ambulance.

当turn为“行为，举止”时，常与good, bad, ill，evil连用。do sb. a good turn 做利于某人的事

He did me a good turn by lending me ten pounds.

Mac’s close resemblance to his brother made people mistake them for one another.

technical技术的，技能的a patch of 一块……below (智力、地位、军阶等)低于

technological 技术学的，工艺学的a bunch of 一串……under (尺寸、价值、数量、程度、标准等)少于，低于

technique 技术，技能a pinch of 一撮……beneath 在…下方；(地位，级别等)低于，次于

technology技术（学），工艺（学）a packet of 一包……down 往…下端 

pay back 回报，报答

pay for 为…付出代价

pay up 全部付清

pay off还清债务；清偿欠(某人)的债务

“If we fail to act now,”said Tom, “We’ll find ourselves paid back in action later on.”“如果我们不能现在采取行动”，汤姆说，“我们会发现自己在以后的行动中得到回报”。

限定词→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国别、来源、材料的形容词→表示用途或目的的形容词→名词中心词。

take it out on sb.拿某人出气固定结构

It’s not fair that you come home after abad day at work and take it out on your wife and children.

for fear that 后接虚拟语气，（should）+动词原形。

She put an extra blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.

have no business doing /to do something没有权力，没有理由做某事

You have no business interfering with my affairs.

We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours works miracle.

unless 引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来。

lay up 因痛（或伤残）卧床常用被动语态

lay out摆出，展开

lay by 储存

lay down 牺牲，献出

Mary will not be able to come to the birthday party as she is laid up with a cold.

consist in在于，存在于

rely on依靠，依赖

be composed of由…构成

comprise 由…组成；构成 

She often says her greatest happiness consists in serving the handicapped children.

live up to 遵守，实践（诺言，原则）

live on以…为生

live through度过，经历过

live with忍受；容忍

We have a high regard for Prof. Joseph because he always lives up to his principles.我们十分尊重约瑟夫教授，因为他总是信守原则。

The man sitting opposite me smiled dreamily, as if to remember something pleasant in the past.“as if +不定式”是一个常见的结构，意为“好像”。

be to blame 是一个习惯搭配，意为“该受责备”。

It turned out that the children were not to blame for the accident.

Setting up a committee might be a way to do/ of doing the project more efficiently.

It pains sb. to see...意为“看到…使某人感到痛心”。

It pains her to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even affordelementary education.看到那片山区有那么多孩子连小学都上不起，她感到很痛心。

admit, appreciate, avoid, consale, defer, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, mention, mind, miss, quit, postpone, practise, resist, risk, (can’t) stand, suggest, give up, put off等后面只能接动名词。

That the sun and not the earth the center of our planetary system was considered as heresy by the church in the Middle Ages.太阳系的中心是太阳而不是地球这一事实被中世纪的教会认为是异端邪说。

That引导主语从句，全句的谓语是was considered.

Sometimes a bus conductor gets on the bus to check the tickets.(公共汽车售票员)

My cousin Nancy is often in a poisonous mood; I suppose it’s because she is an only child.(独生子)

just as...，so... 如同…，也是…”。

Just as relaxation is an important part of our lives, as is stress.

正象休闲一样，紧张也是我们生活中的一个重要部分。

in the case of...意为“在…的情况下”；in case of 意为“以防，万一”

We can make an exception in the case of John.

我们可以把约翰的事作为例外。

wrapping paper 包装纸

on end 连续不断地和表示时间的词连用

at length 最后，终于

in full 全部地

in time 及时，不迟

The two scholars worked at the task of writing a preface to the new dictionary for three hours on end last night.

那两位学者昨天晚上花了三个小时为新字典写序。

I can’t read the marks and notes Jim made in the margin. They are too faint. (不清楚的，模糊的修饰字迹。)

ck is very knowledgeable about wines.杰克对酒很在行。

excuse sb. from (doing) sth. 允许不(参加)某活动用被动语态

I beg to be excused from your nephew’s wedding.我请求不去参加你侄子的婚礼。

He ought to attend the meeting, shouldn’t he ?

当should和ought to作“应该”之意时，可互换，表示推论。但在疑问句中一般不用ought to而用should,比如：Should we begin?而不会用Ought we to begin?

make charges for是词组，意为对……收费，索价。

Doctors often make higher charges for their works than they should.

医生们经常索取比他们应得的高得多的费用。

His name was on the top of my tongue, but I just couldn’t remember.

他的名字就在我嘴边，但我就是想不起来了。

I caught a glimpse of the name of the book before she put it into the drawer.

在她把书放进抽屉之前，我瞥见了书名。

admission和admittance都是“准入”的意思，但admission常用于公共场所，admittance用于私人场所

All too soon it was time to go back to school after the Spring Festival.

He handled the company in collaboration with his brother.

他与他兄弟合作处理公司事务。

Jean could be a very attractive girl but she pays no attention to her clothes. 这里第一句表示虚拟，后一句表示现在的真实情况。

have a campaign,chance,courage,opportunity,right to do sth.

To survive in the intense market competition, we must gear(使……适合，配合)the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.

In view o(考虑到，鉴于)his poor record in school, the board thinks that he should study hard.

Shakespeare is the favorite of mine.

We hadn’t expected a power cut so we were astonished when the whole house was plunged into darkness. 我们并未料到会停电，所以当整个屋子一下子变得漆黑时我们大吃一惊。

Valid 有效的，合法的通常指证件等合法、有效

operative指法津、法规，规定等“有效的”

effective常指方法或措施有效，强调能达到预期效果

efficient可以指人有能力或指某方法

Before the tourists set off, they spent much time setting a limit to the expenses of the trip. 

在游客出发之前，他们花很多时间设定旅途花费的限额。

“Tina looks especially pretty tonight.” 

“Yes, she always looks her best in a dress of that color.” dress指一切衣服；a dress表示一件女衫。 

meet the demand of 满足(某人等)的需要

meet the demand for 满足对……的需要

exposure of sth. 对……的暴露

exposure to sth. 暴露在……

According to the acoustics, continual exposure to noise of high intensity would lead to loss of hearing.

根据声学，持续暴露在高强度噪音下，会导致失聪。

They will never reconcile themselves to their defeat. (甘心, 接受)

The matter is not to be trifled with. 这个问题不可轻视。

stumble upon偶然找到，发现

While doing calculation for the project, the designers stumbled upon a new solution to a geological problem.

在对工程进行计算时，设计人员碰巧找到了解决地质问题的方法。

of late 近来 (当这个词用于句中时，要用完成时态)

They have visited the park of late.

他们最近参观了那个公园。

I’d just as soon宁愿 (后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气)

I’d just as soon you did’t take those important papers with you.我倒宁愿你没有把那些重要文件带在身上。

The theme of the novel is that a person’s fate is closely tired up with that of the wh

ole country.

个人命运是与国家命运紧密联系在一起的。

My brother has decided to become a policeman, come what may.不论发生什么事，我弟弟都决心成为一名警察。

come what may相当于whatever may happen 不论发生什么情况 (固定用法,其中come是用动词原形，may有时也可用will替换,在这一用法中，主谓必须倒装)

I wish to go home with you, may I?

simulate假充，冒充

stimulate刺激，激发

be disgusted with对……厌恶

get acquainted with 开始认识某人，开始了解某事

steal sth. from sb.

rick sb. out of sth骗去某人的东西

rob sb. of sth抢劫某人的东西

deceive sb. into doing sth.骗某人做某事。 

“How much money do you need?”

“Well, $200 will see me through.”

“你需要多少钱?”“嗯，200美元可使我渡过难关。”

in line with 与……一致，按照，符合

The mayor didn’t have time so far to go into it at length, but he gave as an idea about his plan. 

市长还没来得及详尽地说明，但他向我们透露了该计划的总体构想。

“What can I do for you, sir?” 

“I want a dime’s worth of candy.” “你要买什么，先生?”“我要买十美分的糖果。

worth of 某种价钱的份量 (用法：“币值’s+worth+of+可数与不可数名词)

buy sth. on credit 赊购

Old Chinese are not used to buy things on credit and are likely to save as much money as possible.

老一辈的中国人不习惯赊账，而有存钱的习惯。

In 1776 the United States announced the Declaration of Independence to break away from the British Empire and became an independent country. 

美国于1776年颁布独立宣言脱离英帝国的统治而成为一个独立的国家。

“Would you send this message to Prof. Wilson?”

“Sure, I’ll be seeing him about something else in any case, so there won’t be any bother at all.”

“你能给威尔逊教授传个话吗?”“当然，我不管怎样也要见他说别的事情，

所以一点也不麻烦。”

“During last decade, there have been many changes in family life.”

“Are these changes for the good or for the bad?”

“过去十年来，家庭生活出现了许多变化。”“这些变化是更好了还是更坏了?”

Tom was born in London on May 7, 1952 at 4:45 in the morning. (日期前用介词on，时刻前用at，上下午前用in)

accuse与of连用，而charge和with连用。

He was charged by the police with breaking the law.

throw light on 使……更为清楚，阐明

The new evidence threw some light on the case.

be disappointed in表示对……感到失望

be disappointed with后应接指人的词

be disappointed at后应接指东西的词。

The student was disappointed inthe prize awarded by the school. 这个学生对学校发的奖金感到失望。

that cost of living表示生活费用

living expenses指生活开支(经费)，(复数形式)

offset 抵销，补偿

onset 开始，突然开始

outset 开端，开始

outlet 出口、出路。

He has to offset his mean salary by living economically. 他不得不生活得很节俭以弥补可怜的收入。

“How could you buy the whole flat?”

“I bought it on account.”(赊帐)

All living things must, by reason of (由于)physiological limitations, die.

所有生物都由于有生理极限而必须经历死亡。

lay sb. off 暂时解雇某人

lay aside 储蓄，把某物放在一边

lay out 展示，安排，布置

lay down 制定、规定

call on 号召

call for 要求，需要

call forth 唤起，引起

call in 召集，召来

When workers push together to organize themselves in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them off. 当工人们以工会的形式自发组织起来，雇主要解雇他们变得困难。

The medical report contains a multitude of(许多，大批) words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. 这份医学报告包涵了许多在日常对话中相对使用很少的单词。

As a matter of fact, Saudi Arabia’s oil reserves are second only to(仅次于)those of Kuwait. 

实际上，沙特阿拉伯的石油储量仅次于科威特。

blow one’s top 发脾气见到丈夫又喝醉了，玛莉大发脾气。

Mary blew her top when she found her husband drunk again.

cut off 切断

cut short 中断

cut into 侵犯(利益)

cut up 切碎

revel in 着迷，十分爱好

relate to with 与…相联系

revert to 回到，恢复到

revive in 在……上复活

sit on 开会讨论

sit in 旁听

sit down 坐下

sit up 端坐

The owner of the auto plant refused to raise the workers’ wages, saying that it would cut into the profit. 车厂老板拒绝涨工人工资，说那会减少公司利润。

at the mercy of 在……支配中

a coat of 一层…涂层

a story of 一层……楼

a film of 一薄层……

a pad of一层……垫层

bring forth 使产生

bring forward 提出

bring up 教育

bring about带来，造成

assume 假定，设想

consume 消费

presume 假设

resume 重新开始

as best (one) can表示尽最大努力

John has to prepare the mathematic examination as best he can.约翰不得不尽最大努力准备数学考试

none other than 不是别人(或他物)而正是 (一般用在以人为主语的句子中)

The girl under the tree is none other than my sister.树下那女孩不是别人，正是我的妹妹

询问别人对某事的想法、看法时------what do you think of...或How do you like…

After much calculation they decided to give him the position of manager.

经过深思熟虑，他们决定给他经理的职位。

attend on / attend up 照料，侍候

alternately 交替地

alternatively 两者择其一地

televise live实况转播

mobilized 运动的，流动的，好动的

mobile被动员的

moved被移动的

in good taste 大方，得体

She decorated the room in good taste good taste.

get sth.across to sb.使某事被某人了解

Michelle found it difficult to get his British jokes across to Australian audiences.米歇贝尔发现让澳大利亚听众听懂这些英国笑语很困难。

get over痊愈，恢复，淡忘

on the spot在场，在现场

be on location 在拍摄外景

The news item about the traffic accident is followed by a detailed report made on the spot .

Because there was little heat in the bed room, Even was cold most of the night.

be worth doing sth. / \worthy of doing sth. / worthy to be done 值得做某事

set/put sb. right 使…恢复健康

be on good terms with 与……和睦相处

The store was jammed with people shopping for household wares.这家商店挤满了买家用品的人。

That fellow excels at (擅长) long distance running.Vi.

tip one ’s hat轻触帽沿以示敬意

take one’s revenge 报复

be wary of提防，小心翼翼

be confined to被限制

be at a disadvantage处于不利地位

be at an advantage处于有利地位

She walked 7 miles today in order to lose weight; I never imagined that she could walk so/that far.

He ordered the work to be started at once. 此处不定式做宾语补足语，因此使用不定式的被动形式。

数词与名词连用时，它们的次序为“名词+基数词”/“the+序数词+名词”

“When did Gertrude finally get to the theatre?” 

“Just before the end of Act Two.” 

lose no time in doing sth. 立即干某事

China started its space industry only in recent years, and should lose no time in catching up. 

中国只是在近些年才开始发展航空工业，所以应该抓紧时间以期与世同步。

The nurse was dedicate to (致力于……) caring for the sick and wounded in the war.

You’d better hang up this oil-painting on that bare(无装饰的)wall.

During the heavy fog in the city, the traffic came to a standstill.城市大雾期间，交通暂时中断。

Gathering of more than three persons were prohibited, supposedly in the name of law and order.(治安)

Try some of this tobacco. You will say it’s second to none. 不比别的差，最好的

“As”表示在性质上一样，“Like”表示在外观上一样。

Like every other member of the team, John wore an official uniform in the victory parade.

1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。

2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在

3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉

4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)

be absorbed in 全神贯注于…=be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on

5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有

6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解

7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外.

Without accident(=safely) 安全地,

8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地

9. in accord with 与…一致 

out of one’s accord with 同….不一致

10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地

11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据

12. on one’s own account 

1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益

2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责

3) (=by oneself)依靠自己

on account 赊账;

on account of 因为;

on no account不论什么原因也不;

of …account 有…..重要性.

13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去

14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由)

15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.

16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.

17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)

18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告

19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.

20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉

21. act on 奉行,按照…行动;

act as 扮演;

act for 代理

22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于

23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)

24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之

25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外

26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循

27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的

28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;

29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for)…的可能，留有…的余地.

30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.

31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.

32. have an advantage over 胜过.

have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件

have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事

33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.

34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意

35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致

36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…ahead of time 提前.

37. in the air1)不肯定, 不具体.2)在谣传中.

38. above all (=especially, most important of all)尤其是, 最重要的.

39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计

40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不;

all at once(=suddenly)突然;

once and for all 只此一次;

above all 最重要的; first of all 首先;

all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了;

all but 几乎.

41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到.

42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.

43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责.

44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.

45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for

46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉

47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁.

appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力

48. apply to sb. for sth.为…向…申请

apply for申请;

apply to 适用.

49. apply to 与…有关;适用

50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成

51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起.

52. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth.安排…做…

53. arrive on 到达;

arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出;

arrive in 到达某地(大地方);

54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because ofsth. done) 以…为羞耻

55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信.

56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结

57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…

58. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;

attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料

59. attitude to/ toward …对…的态度.看法

60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果

61. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均

62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.

63. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面

64. in the back of 在…后部(里面);

on the back of 在…后部(外面);

be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起.

65. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护;

have sb. at one’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台

66. turn one’s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃

67. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话)

68. be based on / upon 基于

69. on the basis of根据…, 在…基础上

70. beat…at在…运动项目上打赢

71. begin with 以…开始.

to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)

72. on behalf of (=as the representative of)以…名义

73. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth./sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰.

74. benefit (from)受益,得到好处.

75. for the benefit of为了…的利益(好处)

76. for the better好转

77. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过.

78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统

at birth 在出生时;

give birth to 出生

79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人.

blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上

80. in blossom开花(指树木)

be in blossom开花(强调状态)

come into blossom开花(强调动作)

81. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机

82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘

83. out of breath 喘不过气来

84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之

85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的

86. take the floor 起立发言

87. on business 出差办事.

88. be busy with sth.于某事

be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事

89. lastbutone倒数第二.

90. butfor (=without)要不是. 表示假设

91. buy sth. for…money用多少钱买

92. be capable of能够, 有能力

be capable of being +过去分词:是能够被…的

93. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何

94. in case (=for fear that) 万一;

95. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一

in the case of 至于…, 就…而言

96. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)

97. be cautious of 谨防

98. center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上

99. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定.

100. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地

1.表示原因

1）There are three reasons for this.

2）The reasons for this are as follows.

3）The reason for this is obvious.

4）The reason for this is not far to seek.

5）The reason for this is that...

例如： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.

2.表示好处

1）It has the following advantages.

2）It does us a lot of good.

3）It benefits us quite a lot.

4）It is beneficial to us.

5）It is of great benefit to us.

例如： Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.

3.表示坏处

1）It has more disadvantages than advantages.

2）It does us much harm.

3）It is harmfulto us.

例如： However，everything dividesinto two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion.

4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb.to do sth.

2）We think it necessary to do sth.

3）It plays an important role in our life.

例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business.Soon，computers will be found in every home，too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.

5.表示措施

1）We should take some effective measures.

2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties.

3）We should do our utmost in doing sth.

4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with.

例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it.

6.表示变化

1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years.

2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.

3）The computer has brought about many changes in education.

例如：Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.

7.表示事实、现状

1）We cannot ignore the fact that...

2）No one can deny the fact that...

3）There is no denying the fact that...

4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.

5）However，that’s not the case.

例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.

8.表示比较

1）Compared with A，B...

2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV.

3）There is a striking contrast between them.

例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.

9.表示数量

1）It has increased（decreased）from...to...

2）The population in this city has now increased（decreased）to 800，000.

3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％compared with that of January.

例如： With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.

再如： From the graph listed above，itcan be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.

10.表示看法

1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth.

2）People have different opinions on this problem.

3）People take different views of（on）the question.

4）Some people believe that...Others argue that...

例如： People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success. Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However，others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers. 注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。

一、~~~ the + ~ est +名词+ (that) +主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

~~~ the most +形容词+名词+ (that) +主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V

Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to + V

例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。

三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much. （再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。）

例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）

例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五、It is universally acknowledged that +句子~~（全世界都知道...）

例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六、There is no doubt that +句子~~（毫无疑问的...）

例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、An advantage of ~~~ is that +句子（...的优点是...）

例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create (produce) any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、The reason why +句子~~~ is that +句子（...的原因是...）

例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.

The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

九、So +形容词+ be +主词+ that +句子（如此...以致于...）

例句：So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~（虽然...）

例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

{by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不} 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~（愈...愈...）

例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力，你愈进步。

The more books we read, the more learned we become. 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~（借着...，..能够..）

例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

十三、~~~ enable + Object（受词）+ to + V（..使..能够..）

例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

十四、On no account can we + V ~~~（我们绝对不能...）

例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

十五、It is time + S +过去式（该是...的时候了）

例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

十六、Those who ~~~（...的人...）

例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。

十七、There is no one but ~~~（没有人不...）

例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.没有人不渴望上大学。

十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V（不得不...）

例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。

十九、It is conceivable that +句子（可想而知的）

It is obvious that +句子（明显的）

It is apparent that +句子（显然的）

例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

二十、That is the reason why ~~~（那就是...的原因）

例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don‘t like it.夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

二十一、For the past +时间，S +现在完成式...（过去...年来，...一直...）

例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。

二十二、Since + S +过去式，S +现在完成式。

例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

二十三、It pays to + V ~~~（...是值得的。）

例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。

二十四、be based on（以...为基础）

例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

二十五、Spare no effort to + V（不遗余力的）

We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

二十六、bring home to +人+事（让...明白...事）

例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。

二十七、be closely related to ~~（与...息息相关）

例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.做运动与健康息息相关。

二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving

= make it a rule to + V（养成...的习惯）

例句：We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~（因为...）

例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。

三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么...！）

例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

How important a thing it is to keep our promise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事！

三十一、Leave much to be desired（令人不满意）

例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.我们的交通状况令人不满意。

三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~（对...有很大的影响）

例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

三十三、do good to（对...有益），do harm to（对...有害）

例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。

Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。

三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~（对...造成一大威胁）

例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。

三十五、do one‘s utmost to + V = do one‘s best（尽全力去...）

例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。